In 2015, Deloitte predicted the rise of made-to-order mass personalization. Its research showed that brands that offer personalization opportunities – and do it well – can expect an ROI on Marketing spend of 500 to 800 percent.

In the four years since then, brands interested in enjoying such ROI have faced two major problems: first, one of definitions. While Deloitte writes about “Personalization,” what the study describes is a blend of personalization, customization, and configuration. The difference between these is actually pretty significant and it’s important for sellers to recognize what each is and how best to use it – because it impacts sales.

The second problem is (well, was) one of technology: until recently, few options existed for offering product customization (or configuration or personalization) at scale.

Here, we’ll tackle the definitions and then offer an overview of how new technology lets e-commerce brands employ each. We’ll also explain how marketers can use product personalization, customization, and configuration to enhance their offerings and improve their bottom line.

Personalization: Enabling A Unique Outcome

In the context of e-commerce, “personalization” means making a completely unique and personal product – a one-off creation. Examples of personalization include custom engraving, photo uploads, and monograms.

Companies like L.L.Bean have long demonstrated the customer appetite for personalization: the clothing retailer is known for its monogrammed backpacks, tote bags, and beach towels. Just as Deloitte’s survey noted, customers are willing to pay extra for the personalization (about 27 percent extra, in the case of L.L.Bean’s towels).

So who can benefit from offering personalization? Anyone selling items that might be given as gifts, for one thing. About half of the respondents to Deloitte’s survey agreed that personalized items make great gifts. And offering personalization can turn something ordinary (like a guitar) into something special (like a guitar with the owner’s name etched into its body).

Other categories that are prime candidates for personalization: stationery, clothing, food and beverages, and accessories like watches.

Read More: 5 Travel and Luxury Brands that Use Technology for Customer Experience

Customization: Offering Several Combinations

“Customization” means choosing from an existing fixed set of options to create a preferred combination. Unlike personalization, product customization doesn’t result in one-of-a-kind items; instead, it lets customers choose the version of a product they like best from a predetermined set of options.

Furniture retailers have been giving shoppers the option to customize merchandise for a while now: log on to a site like Crate and Barrel, and you can customize a sofa with your choice of fabric from the options available.

To return to the guitar example, customization might look like choosing the color, body shape, and handedness from a set of options.

Offering product customization can benefit retailers in a variety of industries: furniture, clothing, accessories, and others.

Configuration: Enabling Extreme Customization

Think of “configuration,” in the e-commerce context, as an extreme form of customization. In B2C settings, configuration tends to work for experienced customers who are familiar enough with a product’s capabilities and their needs to order off-menu items, so to speak.

Product configuration for our guitar might look like the guitarist requesting hand-wound pickups, a custom body shape, multiple necks, or additional strings.

In B2B, configuration happens when businesses need solutions that aren’t available off the shelf – a custom pump to meet flow needs and space requirements, for instance.

Read More: Turning Influencer Marketing into a Major Media Channel

Realizing the ROI of Personalization, Customization, and Configuration

Four years after Deloitte predicted the rise of mass customization, we’re just now seeing signs that the prediction was correct. In Adobe’s 2019 Digital Trends report, 28 percent of companies cite “targeting and personalization” as a top trend, second only to “customer journey management.”

So how can brands add product customization, personalization, and configuration to their offerings in a way that boosts profitability? These three steps are a starting point:

– Invest in the right software: Product customization software not only enables customization and personalization at scale, but it also makes it possible for customers to see, in real-time, what their customized and personalized products will look like. With computer-generated photorealistic 2D images and interactive 3D, customers can understand exactly what they’re creating and confidently order custom products. This can both increase sales and decrease returns – crucial for maintaining profitability in e-commerce.

– Get marketing messaging just right: While product configuration is intuitive in some contexts (like furniture shopping), it may still feel unfamiliar in others. Guide shoppers through the shopping and ordering process by crafting website, email, and SEM messaging that communicates your unique benefits. This might include everything from offering explainers on your website to nurturing customers with images of custom products they configured while shopping.

– Partner with manufacturers who support custom orders: As mass customization gains steam, e-commerce brands will increasingly benefit from just-in-time manufacturing arrangements, where retailers minimize inventory and focus on ordering only what customers have committed to buying. That will mean partnering with supportive manufacturers.

Obviously, there’s a lot more to the story here. We are just on the cusp of what will be possible. Expect more to come in this space as the market continues to mature and as visualization technologies become increasingly sophisticated.

Read More: Digital Transformation: Move Fast, Get Technology Out of Your Way